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- b-lactoglobulin binds retinol (vitamin A) and promotes uptake
of retinol via gut; by a similar mechanism it may also facilitate the
uptake of long-chain fatty acids
- a-lactoalbumin kills tumour cells (in vitro) and exerts
anti-bacterial effects in the upper respiratory systems; it has also
been shown to have protective effects on gastric mucosa.
 |
Table 1: Content
of minor bioactive proteins in whey concentrates (levels are probably
lower in iso- and hydrolysates | values from Smithers. 2008) and the
lactalbumin fractions. Since the major proteins in whey (not listed
here) can form bonds with albumin (Havea. 2001), whey is another case,
where an increase in processing may lead to a decrease in beneficial
biological activity. |
lactoferrin regulates the absorption of iron via gut; it will
inhibit the growth of various bacteria and regulates immunological
response of immunocomponent cells- serum albumin binds and carries fatty acids and bile pigment
- immuno-globulin G involves with bactericidal (anti-bacterial)
effects with complements and prevents bacteria from adhering to
tissues; neutralizes toxins and viruses
- immuno-globulin A inhibits growth of various bacteria by
condensing them; prevents bacteria from adhering to the surface of
mucosa; neutralizes toxins produced by viruses and bacteria.
- immuno-globulin M has the same effects as IgG, but its bioactivity is stronger
- lactoperoxidase catalyzes the reaction of producing cyanogen
ion with strong bactericidal power from cyanic ion and hydrogen peroxide
in the body
- lysozyme kills bacteria by destroying cell walls
References:
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"Hypotensive peptides from milk proteins." The Journal of Nutrition
134.4 (2004): 980S-988S.
- Hall, W. L., et al. "Casein and whey exert different effects on
plasma amino acid profiles, gastrointestinal hormone secretion and
appetite." British Journal of Nutrition 89.02 (2003): 239-248.
- Havea, Palatasa, Harjinder Singh, and Lawrence K. Creamer.
"Characterization of heat-induced aggregates of β-lactoglobulin,
α-lactalbumin and bovine serum albumin in a whey protein concentrate
environment." Journal of Dairy Research 68.03 (2001): 483-497.
- Ikeda, Masanori, et al. "Lactoferrin markedly inhibits hepatitis C
virus infection in cultured human hepatocytes." Biochemical and
biophysical research communications 245.2 (1998): 549-553.
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rich in α-lactalbumin increases the ratio of plasma tryptophan to the
sum of the other large neutral amino acids and improves cognitive
performance in stress-vulnerable subjects." The American journal of
clinical nutrition 75.6 (2002): 1051-1056.
- Marshall, Keri N. D. "Therapeutic applications of whey protein." Alternative Medicine Review 9.2 (2004): 136-156.
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proteins on blood pressure, vascular function, and inflammatory markers
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(2010b): 716-723.
- Pal, Sebely, Vanessa Ellis, and Suleen Ho. "Acute effects of whey
protein isolate on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight,
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protein on cardiometabolic risk factors." Obesity Reviews 14.4 (2013):
324-343.
- See D, Mason S, Roshan R. "Increased tumor necrosis factor alpha
(TNFalpha) and natural killer cell (NK) function using an integrative
approach in late stage cancers." Immunol Invest 21 (2002):137-153.
- Smithers, Geoffrey W. "Whey and whey proteins—from ‘gutter-to-gold’." International Dairy Journal 18.7 (2008): 695-704.
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their benefits for human health." Austin J Nutri Food Sci 1.1 (2014):
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