#helpYOUgetGAINS
Twitter: @helpYOUgetGAINS
Twitter: @helpYOUgetGAINS
DIM
In healthy young
men, it cuts "bad" estrogens in half by helping the liver neutralize
them. DIM doesn't actually reduce estrogens. What is does is help the liver
convert them into weaker forms.
Take 200-300 mg
as 2-3 divided doses.
Calcium-D-Glucarate
Calcium
D-glucarate attaches itself to estrogens in your intestines and passes them out
into your toilet bowl. Otherwise, your body's could reabsorb a significant amout
of estrogens that your body intends to eliminate. The only possible downside is that
it also helps remove excess testosterone and cortisol, but only the overspill
that's already destined for elimination. Take 800-600 mg as 2-8 divided doses.
Damiana Extract
University of
Mississippi (Oxford) researchers discovered that damiana leaf extract inhibits
the aromatase enzyme that converts testosterone into estrogen in the body. Take
50-500 milligrams three times per day between meals.
Chrysin
5,
7-dihydroxyflavone or chrysin is a flavonoid compound found in many plants and
in honey. It has been known for years to inhibit the aromatase enzyme and block
the conversion of testosterone into estrogen. Recent research from Texas Tech
University (Lubbock) finds that it can also directly increase testosterone
production. Take 1 gram of chrysin with breakfast, lunch and dinner.
Methoxyisoflavone
Is an
anti-estrogen supplement. It lowers estrogen promoting higher testosterone
levels. It also has been found to enhance protein synthesis and lower cortisol
levels. Take 500-2,000mg per day in three divided doses with meals
Indole-3-carbinol
(I3C)
A closely related
derivative diindolylmethane (DIM), naturally occurring phytochemicals also
reduces the strength of estrogens by converting them to weaker varieties in the
liver.
The new entry's
(most are natural ingredients that bind to estrogen receptors):
Resveratrol
Known as the ingredient from the French paradox, resveratrol is a
SERM type product that has many other health promoting benefits. Resveratrol
has been shown in studies to not only block estrogen but and increase LH
leading to higher testosterone levels.
Ellagic Acid
This is typically an extract of raspberries and pomegranate. It
has been studied to block estrogen.
Daidzein
This is the soy paradox. We typically say don't take soy. Daidzein
which is a metabolite of soy that has weak estrogenic activity.
Grape Seed Extract.
Many studies have shown Grape Seed Extract to be a good aromatase
inhibitor.
URSOLIC
ACID
This poly phenol found in the skin of apples has been shown to increase muscle growth and strength by increasing production of IGF-1 and reducing the amount of testosterone that gets converted to estrogen. It has also been shown to increase fat loss while simultaneously building more muscle. Take 250-l,500mg 30-60 minutes before workouts.
This poly phenol found in the skin of apples has been shown to increase muscle growth and strength by increasing production of IGF-1 and reducing the amount of testosterone that gets converted to estrogen. It has also been shown to increase fat loss while simultaneously building more muscle. Take 250-l,500mg 30-60 minutes before workouts.
Ipriflavone or 7-hydroxyflavone
Doses equivalent
to about 500 mg for humans, easily reachable with lpriflavone supplements.
Studies have found that serum testosterone levels increased, estrogen levels
decreased, and muscle RNA went up 5%-10% (meaning more muscle protein was being
directed) due to aromatase inhibition.
Stinging nettle
Ori Hofmekler (The
Warrior Diet) lists this as having anti-aromatase agent. I will have to
do further research.
Safflower Seed
Carthamus
tinctorius (Compositae) as an anti-estrogenic. Studies have shown that
tracheloside significantly decreased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AP),
an estrogen-inducible marker enzyme. As such CLA has also been pro ported
to have anti-estrogenic capabilities.
VITEX AGNUS
CASTUS
Chaste tree or
Vitex agnus castus contains the active compounds known as agnosides that work
to reduce estrogen levels and boost luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. In males,
this can lead to a dramatic increase in testosterone. Take 200-400 mg of vitex
agnus castus or chasteberry extract immediately before bed. Take it in 6-8-week
cycles, then lay off for about four weeks before starting the next cycle.
Citrus
Bioflavonoids
Hesperetin is created by metabolising hesperidin
in the stomach which is found in citrus fruits, especially orange. Naringenin
is another citrus bioflavonoid whose metabolites are able to lower aromatase
enzyme and estrogen. They do this by attaching to receptor sites.
Bee
Propolis
Has been shown to
be effective in the fight against xenoestrogens.
Vitamin D
Has been shown to
be a natural aromatase inhibitor.
Turmeric
Has promise as an aromatase inhibitor
by occupying estrogen receptors.
Sources:
Damiana + chrysin: stack these two aminos to send nitric oxide levels skyrocketing. Jim Stoppani.
Flex. 27.9 (Nov. 2009): p132.
"Grow your chest, not your breasts." Men's Fitness July 2002: 66+.
Your T, on E. Murphy, Myatt. Men's Health, Sep2012, Vol. 27 Issue 7, p86-87, 2p
ERADICATE ESTROGEN TO FUEL YOUR GROWTH. Rowley, Brian. Stoppani, Jim. Joe Weider's Muscle & Fitness, Oct2003, Vol. 64 Issue 10, p176
ESTROGEN NATION. Lockwood, Chris. Joe Weider's Muscle & Fitness, Nov2009, Vol. 70 Issue 11, p94-97
References:
Araujo, A., Chiu, G., Kupelian, V., Rosen, R., & McKinlay, J. (2010,
May 29). Relative contributions of modifiable risk factors to erectile
dysfunction [Abstract 17]. Journal of Urology, 183(Suppl. 4), e7-e8.
Araujo, A., Durante, R., Feldman, H. A., Goldstein, I., & McKinlay,
J. B. (1998). The relationship between depressive symptoms and male
erectile dysfunction: Cross-sectional results from the Massachusetts
Male Aging Study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 458-465.
Azadzoi, K. M., & Saenz de Tejada, I. (1991). Hypercholesterolemia
impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit corpus cavernosum
smooth muscle. Journal of Urology, 146, 238-240.
Bacon, C. G., Mittleman, M. A., Kawachi, I., Giovannucci, E., Glasser,
D. B., & Rimm, E. B. (2003). Sexual function in men older than 50
years of age: Results from the health professionals follow-up study.
Annals of Internal Medicine, 139, 161-168.
Buvat, J., Montorsi, F., Maggi, M., Porst, H., Kaipia, A., Colson, M.
H., et al. (2011). Hypogonadal men nonresponders to the PDE5 inhibitor
tadalafil benefit from normalization of testosterone levels with a 1%
hydroalcoholic testosterone gel in the treatment of erectile dysfunction
(TADTEST Study). Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8, 284-293.
Caminiti, G., Volterrani, M., & Iellamo, F. (2009). Effect of
longacting testosterone treatment on functional exercise capacity,
skeletal muscle performance, insulin resistance, and baroreflex
sensitivity in elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Journal of
the American College of Cardiology, 54, 919-927.
Cheng, J. Y., & Ng, E. M. (2007). Body mass index, physical activity
and erectile dysfunction: A U-shaped relationship from a
populationbased study. International Journal of Obesity, 31, 1571-1578.
Corona, G., Mannucci, E., Lotti, F., Boddi, V., Jannini, E. A., Fisher,
A. D., et al. (2009). Impairment of couple relationship in male patients
with sexual dysfunction is associated with overt hypogonadism. Journal
of Sexual Medicine, 6, 2591-600.
Corona, G., Mannucci, E., Schulman, C., Petrone, L., Mansani, R.,
Cilotti, A., et al. (2006). Psychobiologic correlates of the metabolic
syndrome and associated sexual dysfunction. European Urology, 50,
595-604.
Corona, G., Monami, M., Boddi, V., Balzi, D., Melani, C., Federico, N.,
et al. (2010). Is obesity a further cardiovascular risk factor in
patients with erectile dysfunction? Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7,
2538-2546.
Daubenmier, J. J., Weidner, G., Marlin, R., Crutchfield, L., Dunn-Emke,
S., Chi, C., et al. (2006). Lifestyle and health-related quality of life
of men with prostate cancer managed with active surveillance. Urology,
67, 125-130.
Davidson, J. M., Chen, J. J., Crapo, L., Gray, G. D., Greenleaf, W. J.,
& Catania, J. A. (1983). Hormonal changes and sexual function in
aging men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 57, 71-77.
De Boer, B. J., Bots, M. L., Lycklama a Nijeholt, A. A., Moors, J. P.,
Pieters, H. M., & Verheij, T. J. (2004). Erectile dysfunction in
primary care: Prevalence and patient characteristics. The ENIGMA study.
International Journal of lmpotence Research, 16, 358-364.
Derogatis, L. R., & Burnett, A. L. (2008). The epidemiology of sexual dysfunctions. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 5, 289-300.
Dod, H. S., Bhardwaj, R., Sajja, V., Weidner, G., Hobbs, G. R., Konat,
G. W., et al. (2010). Effect of intensive lifestyle changes on
endothelial function and on inflammatory markers of atherosclerosis.
American Journal of Cardiology, 105, 362-367.
Duncan, B. B., & Schmidt, M. I. (2001). Chronic activation of the
innate immune system may underlie the metabolic syndrome. Sao Paulo
Medical Journal, 119, 122-127.
Dunn-Emke, S., Weidner, G., Pettengill, E., Marlin, R. O., Chi, C.,
& Ornish, D. (2005). Nutritional adequacy of a very low-fat vegan
diet. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105, 1442-1446.
Esposito, K., Giugliano, F., DiPalo, C., Giugliano, G., Marfella, R.,
D'Andrea, F., et al. (2004). Effect of lifestyle changes on erectile
dysfunction in obese men: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the
American Medical Association, 291, 2978-2984.
Esposito, K., Giugliano, F., Maiorino, M. I., & Giugliano, D.
(2010). Dietary factors, Mediterranean diet and erectile dysfunction.
Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7, 2338-2345.
Everitt, B. J. (1995). Neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying appetitive
and consummatory elements of masculine sexual behaviour. In J. Bancroft
(Ed.), The pharmacology of sexual function and dysfunction (pp. 15-31).
Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Excerpta Medica.
Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. (2001).
Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 2486-2497.
Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 2486-2497.
Feldman, H. A., Goldstein, I., Hatzichristou, D. G., Krane, R. J.,&
McKinlay, J. B. (1994). Impotence and its medical and psychosocial
correlates: Results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Journal of
Urology, 151, 54-61.
Feldman, H. A., Johannes, C. B., Derby, C. A., Kleinman, K. P., Mohr, B.
A., Araujo, A. B., et al. (2000). Erectile dysfunction and coronary
risk factors: Prospective results from the Massachusetts Male Aging
Study. Preventive Medicine, 30, 328-338.
Giltay, E. J., Tishova, Y. A., Mskhalaya, G. J., Gooren, L. J., Saad,
F., & Kalinchenko, S. Y. (2010). Effects of testosterone
supplementation on depressive symptoms and sexual dysfunction in
hypogonadal men with the metabolic syndrome. Journal of Sexual Medicine,
7, 2572-2582.
Gluckman, P. D., & Hanson, M. A. (2004). The developmental origins
of the metabolic syndrome. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 15,
183-187.
Gooren, L. J. G. (1987). Androgen levels and sex functions in
testosterone-treated hypogonadal men. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16,
463-473.
Gray, A., Feldman, H. A., McKinlay, J. B., & Longcope, C. (1991).
Age, disease, and changing sex hormone levels in middle-aged men:
Results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology and Metabolism, 73, 1016-1025.
Hannan, J. L., Maio, M. T., Komolova, M., & Adams, M. A. (2009).
Beneficial impact of exercise and obesity interventions on erectile
function and its risk factors. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 6(Suppl. 3),
254-261.
Heinemann, L. A., Zimmermann, T., Vermeulen, A., & Thiel, C. (1999).
A new "Aging Male's Symptoms" (AMS) Rating Scale. Aging Male, 2,
105-114.
Isidori, A. M., Caprio, M., Strollo, F., Moretti, C., Frajese, G.,
Isidori, A., et al. (1999). Leptin and androgens in male obesity:
Evidence for leptin contribution to reduced androgen levels. Journal of
Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 84, 3673-3680.
Jones, T. H., Arver, S., Behre, H. M., Buvat, J., Meuleman, E. J.,
Moncada, I., et al. (2010). Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men
with type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome: The TIMES2 Study.
Diabetes Care. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Kalinchenko, S. Y., Tishova, Y. A., Mskhalaya, G. J., Gooren, L. J.,
Giltay, E. J., & Saad, F. (2010). Effects of testosterone
supplementation on markers of the metabolic syndrome and inflammation in
hypogonadal men with the metabolic syndrome: The double-blinded
placebo-controlled Moscow study. Clinical Endocrinology, 73, 602-612.
Kalyani, R. R., & Dobs, A. S. (2007). Androgen deficiency, diabetes,
and the metabolic syndrome in men. Current Opinion in Endocrinology,
Diabetes and Obesity, 14, 226-234.
Kaukua, J., Pekkarinen, T., Sane, T., & Mustajoki, P. (2003). Sex
hormones and sexual function in obese men losing weight. Obesity
Research, 11, 689-694.
Khaw, K. T., Dowsett, M., & Folkerd, E. (2007). Endogenous
testosterone and mortality due to all causes, cardiovascular disease,
and cancer in men: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in
Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk) Prospective Population Study. Circulation, 116,
2694-2701.
Kim, J. H., Klyachkin, M. L., Svendsen, E., Davies, M. G., Hagen, P. O.,
& Carson, C. C., III. (1994). Experimental hypercholesterolemia in
rabbits induces cavernosal atherosclerosis with endothelial and smooth
muscle cell dysfunction. Journal of Urology, 151, 198-205.
Koncz, L., & Balodimos, M. C. (1970). Impotence in diabetes mellitus. Medical Times', 98, 159-170.
Kratzik, C. W., Lackner, J. E., Mark, I., Rticklinger, E., Schmidbauer,
J., Lunglmayr, G., et al. (2009). How much physical activity is needed
to maintain erectile function? Results of the Androx Vienna Municipality
Study. European Urology, 55, 509-516.
Laaksonen, D. E., Niskanen, L., Punnonen, K., Nyyssonen, K., Tuomainen,
T. P., & Salonen, R. (2003). Sex hormones, inflammation, and the
metabolic syndrome: A population-based study. European Journal of
Endocrinology, 149, 601-608.
Larsen, S. H., Wagner, G., & Heitmann, B. L. (2007). Sexual function
and obesity. International Journal of Obesity, 31, 1189-1198.
Leenen, R., van der Kooy, K., Seidell, J. C., Deurenberg, P.,&
Koppeschaar, H. P. (1994). Visceral fat accumulation in relation to sex
hormones in obese men and women undergoing weight loss therapy. Journal
of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 78, 1515-1520.
Legros, J. J., Meuleman, E. J., Elbers, J. M., Geurts, T. B., Kaspers,
M. J., & Bouloux, P. M. (2009). Oral testosterone replacement in
symptomatic late-onset hypogonadism: Effects on rating scales and
general safety in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. European
Journal of Endocrinology, 160, 821-831.
Lehman, T. P., & Jacobs, J. A. (1983). Etiology of diabetic impotence. Journal of Urology, 129, 291-294.
Lewis, R. W., Fugl-Meyer, K. S., Corona, G., Hayes, R. D., Laumann, E.
O., Moreira, E. D. Jr., et al. (2010). Definitions/epidemiology/ risk
factors for sexual dysfunction. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 7,
1598-1607.
Lindau, S. T., & Gavrilova, N. (2010). Sex, health, and years of
sexually active life gained due to good health: Evidence from two US
population-based cross sectional surveys of ageing. British Medical
Journal, 340, c810.
Maggio, M., Lauretani, F., Ceda, G. P., Bandinelli, S., Ling, S. M.,
Metter, J., et al. (2007). Relationship between low levels of anabolic
hormones and 6-year mortality in older men: The aging in the Chianti
Area (InCHIANTI) study. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167, 2249-2254.
McNamara, E. R., Alfred-Thomas, J. A., & Freedland, S. J. (2010,
June 1). Exercise correlates to higher sexual function scores in a
cohort of healthy men [Abstract 1500]. Journal of Urology, 183(Suppl.
4), e578.
Meinhardt, W., Kropman, R. F., Vermeij, P., Nijeholt, A. A. B.,&
Zwartendijk, J. (1997). The influence of medication on erectile
function. International Journal of Impotence Research, 9, 17-26.
Meuleman, E. J., Donkers, L. H., Robertson, C., Keech, M., Boyle, P.,
& Kiemeney, L. A. (2001). Erectile dysfunction: Prevalence and
effect on the quality of life; Boxmeer study. Nederlands Tijdschrift
voor Geneeskunde, 145, 576-581.
Meuleman, E. J., & van Lankveld, J. J. (2005). Hypoactive sexual
desire disorder: An underestimated condition in men. British Journal of
Urology International, 95, 291-296.
Mooradian, A. D., Morley, J. E., & Korenman, S. G. (1987). Biological actions of androgens. Endocrine Reviews, 8, 1-28.
Nelson, R. J. (2000). An introduction to behavioral endocrinology (2nd ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer.
Nieschlag, E. (1979). The endocrine function of the human testis in
regard to sexuality. In Ciba Foundation Symposium 62--Sex, hormones and
behaviour (pp. 182-208). Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Excerpta Medica.
Okabe, H., Hale, T. M., Kumon, H., Heaton, J. P., & Adams, M. A.
(1999). The penis is not protected--In hypertension there are vascular
changes in the penis which are similar to those in other vascular beds.
International Journal of Impotence Research, 11, 133-140.
Ornish, D., Brown, S. E., Scherwitz, L. W., Billings, J. H., Armstrong,
W. T., Ports, T. A., et al. (1990). Can lifestyle changes reverse
coronary heart disease?: The Lifestyle Heart Trial. Lancet, 336,
129-133.
Park, M. G., Oh, M. M., Lee, D. S., Yu, J. W., & Bae, J. H. (2010,
June 1). The characteristics and predictive factors of nonresponders to
testosterone replacement therapy in testosterone deficiency syndrome
[Abstract 1381]. Journal of Urology, 183(Suppl. 4), e533-e534.
Prins, J., Blanker, M. H., Bohnen, A. M., Thomas, S., & Bosch, J. L.
(2002). Prevalence of erectile dysfunction: a systematic review of
population-based studies. International Journal of Impotence Research,
14, 422-432.
Rask, E., Olsson, T., Soderberg, S., Andrew, R., Livingstone, D. E.,
Johnson, O., et al. (2001). Tissue-specific dysregulation of cortisol
metabolism in human obesity. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and
Metabolism, 86, 1418-1421.
Reaven, G. M. (1988). Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes, 37, 1595-1607.
Rizvi, S. J., Kennedy, S. H., Ravindran, L. N., Giacobbe, P., Eisfeld,
B. S., Mancini, D., et al. (2010). The relationship between testosterone
and sexual function in depressed and healthy men. Journal of Sexual
Medicine, 7, 816-825.
Rodriguez, A., Muller, D. C., Metter, E. J., Maggio, M., Harman, S. M.,
Blackman, M. R., et al. (2007). Aging, androgens, and the metabolic
syndrome in a longitudinal study of aging. Journal of Clinical
Endocrinology and Metabolism, 92, 3568-3572.
Rosen, R. C., Friedman, M., & Kostis, J. B. (2005). Lifestyle
management of erectile dysfunction: The role of cardiovascular and
concomitant risk factors. American Journal of Cardiology, 96, 76M-79M.
Rosmond, R., Wallerius, S., Wanger, P., Martin, L., Holm, G.,&
Bjorntorp, P. (2003). A 5-year follow-up study of disease incidence in
men with an abnormal hormone pattern. Journal of Internal Medicine, 254,
386-390.
Saltzman, E. A., Guay, A. T., & Jacobson, J. (2004). Improvement in
erectile function in men with organic erectile dysfunction by correction
of elevated cholesterol levels: A clinical observation. Journal of
Urology, 172, 255-258.
Saylor, P. J., & Smith, M. R. (2009). Metabolic complications of
androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Journal of Urology,
181, 1998-2008.
Schouten, B. W., Bohnen, A. M., Dohle, G. R., Groeneveld, F. P.,
Willemsen, S., Thomas, S., et al. (2009). Risk factors for deterioration
of erectile function: The Krimpen study. International Journal of
Andrology, 32, 166-175.
Schroeder, E. T., Zheng, L., Ong, M. D., Martinez, C., Flores, C.,
Stewart, Y. R., et al. (2004). Effects of androgen therapy on adipose
tissue and metabolism in older men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology
and Metabolism, 89, 4863-4872.
Seidell, J. C., Bjorntorp, P., Sjostrom, L., Kvist, H., &
Sannerstedt, R. (1990). Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively
associated with insulin, glucose, and C-peptide levels but negatively
with testosterone levels. Metabolism, 39, 897-901.
Shabsigh, R., Kaufman, J. M., Steidle, C., & Padma-Nathan, H.
(2004). Randomized study of testosterone gel as adjunctive therapy to
sildenafil in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction who do not
respond to sildenafil alone. Journal of Urology, 172, 658-663.
Shiri, R., Koskimaki, J., Hakkinen, J., Auvinen, A., Tammela, T. L.,
& Hakama, M. (2007). Cardiovascular drug use and the incidence of
erectile dysfunction. International Journal of Impotence Research, 9,
208-212.
Shores, M. M., Matsumoto, A. M., Sloan, K. L., & Kivlahan, D. R.
(2006). Low serum testosterone and mortality in male veterans. Archives
of Internal Medicine, 166, 1660-1665.
Simons, L. P. A., & Hampe, J. F. (2010, June). Service experience
design for healthy living support: Comparing an in-house with an eHealth
solution. Paper presented at the 23rd Bled eConference eTrust on
Implications for the Individual, Enterprises and Society, Bled,
Slovenia.
Speel, T. G., Kiemeney, L. A., Thien, T., Smits, P., & Meuleman, E.
J. (2005). Long-term effect of inhibition of the angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) on cavernosal perfusion in men with atherosclerotic
erectile dysfunction: A pilot study. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2,
207-212.
Stull, V. B., Snyder, D. C., & Demark-Wahnefried, W. (2007).
Lifestyle interventions in cancer survivors: Designing programs that
meet the needs of this vulnerable and growing population. Journal of
Nutrition, 137(Suppl. 1), 243S-248S.
Stulnig, T. M., & Waldhausl, W. (2004). 11beta-hydroxysteroid
dehydrogenase type 1 in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia, 47,
1-11.
Traish, A. M. (2009). Androgens play a pivotal role in maintaining
penile tissue architecture and erection: A review. Journal of Andrology,
30, 363-369.
Traish, A. M., Guay, A., Feeley, R., & Saad, F. (2009). The dark
side of testosterone deficiency: I. Metabolic syndrome and erectile
dysfunction. Journal of Andrology, 30, 10-22.
Traish, A. M., Saad, F., Feeley, R. J., & Guay, A. (2009). The dark
side of testosterone deficiency: III. Cardiovascular disease. Journal of
Andrology, 30, 477-494.
Walker, B. R. (2001). Steroid metabolism in metabolic syndrome X. Best
Practice & Research in Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 15,
111-122.
Wang, C., Nieschlag, E., Swerdloff, R. S., Behre, H., Hellstrom, W. J.,
Gooren, L. J., et al. (2009). ISA, ISSAM, EAU, EAA and ASA
recommendations: Investigation, treatment and monitoring of late-onset
hypogonadism in males. Aging Male, 12, 5-12.
White, J. R., Case, D. A., McWhirter, D., & Mattison, A. M. (1990).
Enhanced sexual behavior in exercising men. Archives of Sexual Behavior,
19, 193-209.
Wild, S. H., & Byrne, C. D. (2006). The global burden of the
metabolic syndrome and its consequences for diabetes and cardiovascular
disease. In C. D. Byrne & S. H. Wild (Eds.), The metabolic syndrome
(pp. 1-33). Weinheim, Germany: Wiley.
You, D., Ji, Y. I., Moon, K., Hong, J. H., & Ahn, T. H.0 (2010, May
31). The association of the metabolic syndrome and its components with
the serum testosterone level: Results of a large volume screened
population cohort [Abstract 707]. Journal of Urology, 183(Suppl. 4),
e276.
Zitzmann, M., Faber, S., & Nieschlag, E. (2006). Association of
specific symptoms and metabolic risks with serum testosterone in older
men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 91, 4335-4343.
We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. -- Aristole— KCKCCTEC (@KCKCCTEC) April 28, 2016
You have power over your mind - not outside events. Realize this, and you will find strength ~ Marcus Aurelius