WHEY ISOLATE VS. CONCENTRATE
Concentrates are closer to the whole milk protein source, containing fat and lactose. Isolates go through a more extensive process to remove the fat and lactose.
DIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE AND LECITHIN
DIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE AND LECITHIN
These additives are emulsifiers and help ensure that your drink mixes up smooth. Lecithin also acts as a thickener.
TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE
Sometimes used for bone implants, it's added to protein powder as a anticaking agent when liquid is added.
POLY-DEXTROSE
Polydextrose is a synthetic form of soluble fiber and has shown healthful prebiotic benefits when tested in animals. No data is available as to its benefit in humans.
CELLULOSE GUM
This additive makes your shake taste thick and creamy. Other ingredients that create the same effect include carrageenan, guar gum, xanthan gum, and pectin.
SUCRALOSE
This is the zero-calorie sweetener made from sugar and more commonly known as the main ingredient in Splenda.
PAPAIN AND BROMELAIN
These two ingredients are protein digesting enzymes.
Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease (EC 3.4.22.2) enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya) and mountain papaya (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis).1
Bromelain is an extract derived from the stems of pineapples, although it exists in all parts of the fresh plant and fruit, which has many uses. Bromelain extract is a mixture of protein-digesting enzymes—called proteolytic enzymes or proteases—and several other substances in smaller quantities. The proteolytic enzymes are referred to as sulfhydryl proteases, since a free sulfhydryl group of a cysteine side-chain is required for function.2
Papain, also known as papaya proteinase I, is a cysteine protease (EC 3.4.22.2) enzyme present in papaya (Carica papaya) and mountain papaya (Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis).1
Bromelain is an extract derived from the stems of pineapples, although it exists in all parts of the fresh plant and fruit, which has many uses. Bromelain extract is a mixture of protein-digesting enzymes—called proteolytic enzymes or proteases—and several other substances in smaller quantities. The proteolytic enzymes are referred to as sulfhydryl proteases, since a free sulfhydryl group of a cysteine side-chain is required for function.2
Source Citation
"Your shake breakdown." Men's Health May 2011: 040. General OneFile. Web. 19 Jan. 2012.
References:
1) Wikipedia - Papain
2) Wikipedia - Bromelain
